WiMAX
WiMAX is a
generic name for a wireless digital communications system, also known as IEEE
802.16, which is intended for wireless "Metropolitan Area Networks."
It covers both fixed point to point, fixed point to fixed multi-point and fixed
point to mobile multi-point. It covers a whole range of operating frequency
bands, both licensed and non-licensed), operating powers and modulation
techniques. WiMAX can provide broadband wireless access (BWA) up to 30 miles
(50 km) for fixed (point to point) stations, and 3—10 miles (5—15 km) for
mobile stations. In contrast, the WiFi/802.11 wireless local area network
standard is limited in most cases to only 100—300 feet (30—100m).
WiMAX is
complementary to all fixed line delivery interfaces (fiber, coaxial cable,
twisted pair, etc.) and also to wireless and copper LANS. In addition, a point
to mobile multi-point service can be implemented which will mean that
“Broadband without Wires” can become a reality. With WiMAX, WiFi-like data rates
are easily supported, but the issue of interference is lessened. WiMAX can
operate on both licensed and non-licensed frequencies, providing a regulated
environment and viable economic model for wireless carriers.
WiMAX can be
used for wireless networking in much the same way as the more common WiFi
protocol. WiMAX is a second-generation protocol that allows for more efficient
bandwidth use, interference avoidance, and is intended to allow higher data
rates over longer distances.
The IEEE 802.16
standards define the technical features of the communications protocol. The
WiMAX Forum is an industry group dedicated to fostering the development and
commercialization of the technology. It consists of representatives from a
large number of organizations and companies which have come together to agree
on standards and set up a certification facility for inter-working of different
hardware. The standards are becoming accepted worldwide, resulting in their
adoption by most countries. Since the standards are open and are being accepted
as national standards (with some slight local frequency licensing regulations)
then their use is guaranteed. As new techniques and technologies develop then
the standards can be changed to include these.